closed universe theory evidence

Anything having a beginning must have a cause. What we know with certainty is that the Big Bang occurred 13.8 billion years ago, meaning that is the age of the universe. Current evidence also indicates the universe is not closed. A nucleated closed universe is all the space there is, aside from the disconnected spaces of other closed universes. Open Universe, Closed Universe, Inflationary Theory The open universe theory is saying that the universe will keep expanding and expanding till it becomes so big The development of general relativity and its application to cosmology by German-born physicist Albert Einstein, Dutch mathematician Willem de Sitter, and other theoreticians, The Big Bounce theory would, in some sense, require that the universe be closed or curved because the universe cannot expand into infinity. The expansion and contraction of a closed universe to a Big Crunch (Source ... in the light of recent findings in the 1990s (such as the evidence for an accelerating universe described previously), this is no longer considered the most likely outcome. The initial answer to whether the universe is infinite or finite is a resounding… we don’t know. The researchers revealed their findings in a paper, 'Planck evidence for a closed Universe and a possible crisis for cosmology', which has just been published in Nature Astronomy. He doesn't believe in gravity, but rather subscribes to an 'Electrical Theory of the Universe', see the website The Electric Universe.. The theory was developed over the past 40 years to explain why distant parts of the universe look the same and have the same temperature, when they are too far apart to … The oscillating universe theory is a cosmological theory model that combines the Big Bang and the Big Crunch as part of a cyclical event. The theory suggests the universe started as an empty and cold void, slowly emerging from a deep freeze. But the Big Bang scenario cannot be the whole story, and its details are a subject of intense research. It postulates the existence of a long sequence of vacuum states, in which Λ changes in a small series of steps, or cycles, of steadily decreasing cosmological constant. This has caused cosmologists to abandon the oscillating universe model. And the theory of a flat universe may actually be 'mask[ing] a cosmological crisis where disparate observed properties of the Universe appear to be mutually inconsistent', the authors write. Will the Universe expand forever? In particular, they question the general belief that evidence for a closed universe would rule out the multiverse. First, the big bang theory and the scientific evidence behind it imply that space, time and the universe as a whole had a beginning. T heologians have welcomed any evidence for the beginning of the universe as evidence for the ... there is no space out of which they might pop. Increasingly sensitive experiments on earth have failed to turn up any evidence of the dark matter particles that are firmly predicted by the Big Bang theory. A Complicated Question. 9.3 Other possibilities: open, flat, and closed universes. 5. ; The theory has drawn sharp criticism from other cosmologists. Cosmological evidence suggests that the part of the universe we can see is smooth and homogeneous, at least approximately. My father is a generally intelligent person, however he has latched onto a theory which I believe to be completely incorrect. A problem with the cyclic universe is that it does not reconcile with the second law of thermodynamics, as entropy would build up from oscillation to oscillation and cause the eventual heat death of the universe. An "open universe" can be either a closed or open manifold. ... No cause is needed for the quantum creation of the universe. In other words, there must be some point of maximum expansion. The closed universe theory is a way of saying that the universe will eventually get smaller and collapse on itself. January 12, 2001-- NASA's two Great Observatories, the Hubble Space Telescope and the Chandra X-ray Observatory, have independently provided what could be the best direct evidence yet for the existence of an event horizon, the defining feature of a black hole and one of the most bizarre astrophysical concepts in nature.. An event horizon is the theorized "one-way ticket" boundary around … One implication of the Big Bang Theory is that the universe may grow cold and dark and die an ultimate heat death. ANSWER: The oscillatory universe theory is a hypothesis credited to Richard Tolman who saw it as a possible outcome of the Big Bang. Because this data supports the flat universe model, this experiments acts as negative evidence against the Big Bounce Theory. But many prominent scientists—Martin Rees, Alan Guth, Max Tegmark—have taken it to be evidence that we live in a multiverse: that our universe is just one of … The Big Bang theory, in its current form, predicts that most matter in the universe is dark matter, unlike any that has been found on earth. Steinhard and Turok’s new theory assumes we live in a cyclic universe, where each cycle from Big Bang to big crunch takes about a trillion years. Quantum physics studies the smallest objects in the universe—like atoms and subatomic particles—while general relativity typically focuses on larger-scale objects in the universe. Only three geometries fit this description: flat, spherical and hyperbolic. A "closed universe" is necessarily a closed manifold. New, contested research suggests our universe may actually be a closed loop instead of a vast, never-ending expanse. Oscillating Universe Theory QUESTION: What is the oscillating universe theory? The Big Bang Theory: A history of the Universe starting from a singularity and expanding ever since. Share this: Click to share on Facebook (Opens in new window) The recent Planck Legacy 2018 release has confirmed the presence of an enhanced lensing amplitude in cosmic microwave background power spectra compared with that predicted in the standard Λ cold dark matter model, where Λ is the cosmological constant. Quantum gravity: String theory is a theory of quantum gravity because it attempts to merge quantum physics with the theory of general relativity. If the universe is expanding, then there are at least three possibilities for how it will end. Evidence Against Dark Matter. Expanding universe, dynamic state of the extragalactic realm, the discovery of which transformed 20th-century cosmology. The fate of the universe is determined by a struggle between the momentum of expansion and the pull of gravity. If the density is more than the critical density, the universe is closed and curves like a sphere; if less, it will curve like a saddle. Second, the big bang theory is based on the premise that something (the entire universe) suddenly came into existence out of nothing. For example, in the Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker (FLRW) model the universe is considered to be without boundaries, in which case "compact universe" could describe a universe that is a closed manifold. Now, an anomaly in data from the best-ever measurement of the CMB offers solid (but not absolutely conclusive) evidence that the universe is closed after all, … So when we say "WMAP provides strong evidence that the universe is flat", we really mean "WMAP provides strong evidence that the observable universe is flat". The shape of the universe depends on its density. The local fabric of space looks much the same at every point and in every direction. This is known as a closed universe. However, according to inflationary theory, even if the universe has some curvature, the observable universe should be flat at the level at which we're capable of measuring it. If the force of gravity is stronger than the force of expansion, then the universe will eventually collapse in on itself in a ‘big crunch’. Once upon a time, when astronomers spoke of the "Here, we further investigate the evidence for a closed Universe from Planck, showing that positive curvature naturally explains the anomalous lensing amplitude." What was that first cause? Illustration by Flavio Robles. The Big Bang is actually not a "theory" at all, but rather a scenario about the early moments of our universe, for which the evidence is overwhelming. Source: Planck evidence for a closed Universe and a possible crisis for cosmology, by Di Valentino, E., et al. I've looked into it enough to realize that it flies completely in the face of current physics models, but I'm not qualified to debunk it. 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