ecological importance of mangroves pdf

The enrichment of brackish and coastal waters provided by the mangrove vegetation may be substantial and should not be overlooked. The water was fertile and productive in having several fold-higher levels of nutrients, microbes, plankton and other biological resources, than the adjoining estuarine, backwater and neritic environments. In this way, they help fight against climate change. But, their quantity and diversity are threatened due to severe stress inflicted by the elements, responsible for anthropogenic environmental degradation. However, Margalef’s species richness (d) showed clear differences between the centres. as for fodder, fuel wood, fibre, timber, alcohol, paper, charcoal and medicine. of bacteria, 23 spp. off with an overview of mangrove biology and ecology, discussing the different ecosystem services and social values of mangrove forests and highlighting the importance of conserving and protecting them. Mangrove forests are considered critical habitats with great ecological and socio-economic value. fishes and alienation of predators. A number of crab species live among the roots, on the trunks or even forage in the canopy. Mangrove trees are halophytes, plants that thrives in salty conditions. To learn more, view our, Preliminary Survey of Herpetofauna of Borivali Mangroves – a Coastal Belt in the Suburbs of Mumbai, A review of the mangrove floristics of India, Mangrove Area Assessment in India: Implications of Loss of Mangroves, FUNGAL DIVERSITY OF VICTORIA PARK RESERVED FOREST BHAVNAGAR, GUJARAT, INDIA. Mangroves are woody plants that grow at the interface between land and sea in tropical and sub-tropical latitudes where they exist in conditions of high salinity, extreme tides, strong winds, high temperatures and muddy, anaerobic soils. Academia.edu no longer supports Internet Explorer. Mangrove ecosystems are of great ecological and economic importance 1. The word "Mangrove" is considered to be a combination of the Portuguese word "Mangue" and the English word "grove". They are a major contributor to the littoral and marine environments. the world both in size as well as biodiversity. Mangroves also provide natural infrastructure and protection to nearby populated areas by preventing erosion and absorbing storm surge impacts during extreme weather events such as hurricanes. Major factors contributing to mangrove loss include clearings for agricultural use, human settlements, harbors Ecological Services of Mangroves •Wetland products • Fish and other fishery • Provide fuel wood and building material • Coloration of fishing nets. Karnataka has a coastline of over 320 kilometers. Their unique features also make them ideal sites for experimental studies of biodiversity and ecosystem function. RESEARCH PAPER Ecological role and services of tropical mangrove ecosystems: a reassessment Shing Yip Lee1*, Jurgene H. Primavera2,3, Farid Dahdouh-Guebas4, Karen McKee 5, Jared O. Bosire6, Stefano Cannicci7, Karen Diele8, Francois Fromard9, Nico Koedam10, Cyril Marchand11, Irving Mendelssohn12, Nibedita Mukherjee4 and Sydne Record13 1Australian Rivers Institute and School of Feeding and nursery ground for fisheries Mangroves play a very important role as habitat, nursery and a source of food for both commercial fishery species and other marine fauna. Details of ecological and environmental values of mangroves can be discussed as follows. occur are termed as 'mangrove ecosystem'. The metals, Cu, Zn and Co showed higher affinity, while Pb and Cr also result in strong coupling with each other. Because of their proximity to population centers, mangals have historically been favored sites for sewage disposal. Enter the email address you signed up with and we'll email you a reset link. Mangrove ecosystem has the highest level of productivity The organic matter concentration ranges from 1.5 to 13.4% and are controlled by the particle size of the sediments. Mangrove forests are among the most productive and biologically important ecosystems because they provide goods and services to human society. Also, a PIL has challenged the diversion of reserve mangrove forests in Maharashtra for construction activities. Mangroves also play an important role in enhancing coastal water quality by stabilizing fine sediment and by absorbing pollutants (like heavy metals) . In this study an attempt has been made to evaluate the ichthyofaunal diversity in the region and suggests mitigating measures. Mangroves are under constant flux due. Tintinopsis spp. Mangrove forests are among the world's most productive ecosystems, producing organic carbon well in excess of the ecosystem requirements and contributing significantly to the global carbon cycle. The cations like K + , Ca 2+ , NH 4 and anions like SO 4 2-, HCO -3 , SiO 2 didn't showed any significant variation. more than 250 other associated species. Unfortunately, 90% of the mangrove cover in the study area was degraded. The nutrient and dissolved metal concentration in Bhitarkanika mangrove system, Orissa, east coast of India had been examined. Mangroves, seagrass beds, and coral reefs work as a … [1] Some also take up salts, but excrete them through specialized glands in the leaves. There was distinct variation in chemical constituents of water among the estuarine, mangrove and bay region. of seagrass, 95 spp. pollution due to effluents, mining, industrial development, oil spills. This knowledge will help develop strategies to promote better rehabilitation of degraded mangrove habitats the world over and ensure that these unique ecosystems survive and flourish. The aerial roots, trunks, leaves and branches host other groups of organisms. In Mtwara Region, as in most parts of Tanzania, mangroves are a source of firewood, charcoal, building poles and materials of boat construction. Mangrove resources are available in approximately 117 countries, covering an area of 190,000 to With rising sea levels, mangrove roots play an important role of gaining elevation by strengthening soil, contributing organic matter to the subsurface, and facilitating sediment deposition (Krauss et al., 2014; Woodroffe et al., 2016). There may be no other group of plants with such highly developed morphological and physiological adaptations to extreme conditions.Because of their environment, mangroves are necessarily tolerant of high salt levels and have mechanisms to take up water despite strong osmotic potentials. Focus: Ecosystem Services The benefits people obtain from ecosystems The Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (MA) 2001. Coastal Ecosystems of the Karnataka state, India, I Mangroves. The heavy metal and phosphorous fractionation geochemistry and textural aspects of sediments in a tropical mangrove ecosystem have been studied and discussed. of zooplankton, 40 spp. Mangrove trees are an indigenous species to tropical as-well-as subtropical regions with approximately 70 idenitified species worldwide. The data collected every month during March 2007 to February 2008 from three landing centres totaling 8729 fishes revealed the presence of 45 species belonging to 15 families and 5 orders. The meiofauna was rich with nematodes (50–70% of the component), followed by foramifera. This paper elucidates the biodiversity of fish in Chulkinala reservoir in north Karnataka, which was not studied earlier. Techniques for regeneration of the degraded areas are proposed. The muddy or sandy sediments of the mangal are home to a variety of epibenthic, infaunal, and meiofaunal invertebrates Channels within the mangal support communities of phytoplankton, zooplankton and fish. The distribution of mangrove ecosystem on Indian coastlines indicates that the Sundarban mangroves occupy very large area followed by Andaman-Nicobar Islands and Gulf of Kutch in Gujarat. This book is not written for the professionals but aimed more at semi-professionals, students and those who need an introduction to mangroves at a higher than just a superficial treatment. Mangroves are important to people because they help stabilize Florida’s coastline ecosystem and prevent erosion. Rest of the mangrove ecosystems are comparatively smaller. Map of mangrove and seagrass bed distribution in the WIO region. of seaweeds, 3 spp. Different forms of available phosphorous in the mangrove sediments shows spatial variation within the mangrove environment. temperature, salinity, anoxia, UV). Among them order Cypriniformes represented 31 fish species followed by, Jitendra Kumar, S. Benakappa, Asheesh K Pandey, Kumar Naik A.S. and Jag Pal (2014). They are eas-ily impacted by human activities, resulting in habitat loss and a consequent reduction or total loss of the values associated with them. Planners, scientists, and coastal dwellers have now come to value them as the remarkably diverse and important ecosystems they are. Harvested for durable, water-resistant wood, mangroves have been used in building houses, boats, pilings, and furniture. So far, conservation and management efforts lag behind the destruction; there is still much to learn about proper management and sustainable harvesting of mangrove forests.Mangroves have enormous ecological value. Siluriformes 20, Perciformes 10, Osteoglossiformes 2 and order Synbranchiformes 1 fish species. Coastal Ecosystems of the Karnataka state, India, I Mangroves. The harvest was the highest in monsoon (4690, 53.73%) followed by summer (2548, 29.19%) and winter (1491, 17.08%) seasons. • Mangrove trees is a halophyte and can grow where no other tree can , significantly contributing to the environment • Due to their proximity to the shore and costal areas they provide an irreplaceable natural habitat for Enhanced concentration of heavy metals in the surficial sediments were due to the abundance of greater surface area fine particles, high organic matter content and flocculation process. The specialized seeds of mangroves are tough, float and travel great distances in salt water and take root far from its parent tree. property from natural disasters such as tsunamis. Fourteen rivers and several small rivules, which. Catla catla was the predominant species (2680, 30.70%) followed by Labeo rohita (1670, 19.13%), and Cirrhinus mrigal (873, 10.00%) of this order. Mangrove conservation and management issues: photosynthesis and delaying seedling growth, propagules- a serious problem in the middle Andamans, although not noticed in Goa. Mangroves may be further developed as sources of high-value commercial products and fishery resources and as sites for a burgeoning ecotourism industry. Ecological and economic valuation of mangroves and mangals. These three species together constituted 59.83% of the total harvest. The macrozooplankton consisted of 95% of copepods and coelenterates. The above fact will reveal that mangrove is facing severe threat due to industrial pollution. Where degraded areas are being revegetated, continued monitoring and thorough assessment must be done to help understand the recovery process. Important nursery grounds for finfishes and shellfishes, Offers protection against coastal erosion, Play important role in livelihood of Coastal communities, Mangrove foliage as feed for domestic animals, Provide opportunities for Tourism, Education and Scientific Study. Mangroves serve as storm buffers Page 3-519 Mangroves Red Mangrove. Worldwide, about half of the mangroves have been The similarity in species composition and abundance among centres was in the range of 76.21-83.46. This indicated that the greater fish biodiversity in Athiwala fish landing centre when compared to other two centres. mangrove environment play an important ecological role in decomposition of organic matter by production of variety of extracellular degradative enzymes such as cellulase, xylanase, pectinase, amylase, and so on. Rao, T. A. and Suresh, P.V.2001. These forests, at … The study tends to conclude that Chulkinala reservoir is a rich repository of indigenous fishes with wide biodiversity, but invasive species like O. mossambicus and O. niloticus are grave threats to their subsistence. http://lifesciencesleaflets.ning.com/ PEER-REVIEWED, COLLEGE OF FISHERIES, KARNATAKA VETERINAR, of mangrove ecosystem on Indian coastlines indicates that the S. into the marine systems and influence the atmospheric composition and climate. Mangroves, including associated soils, could sequester approximately 22.8 million metric tons of carbon each year. Access scientific knowledge from anywhere. The microzooplankton included tintinnids, rotifers, nauplius stages of copepods and veliger larvae of molluscs, with a predominance of tintinnids. alone accounted for 90% of abundance. These insults have had significant negative effects on the mangroves.Habitat destruction through human encroachment has been the primary cause of mangrove loss. mangrove upright in the shifting sediments where land and water meet. Others transfer salts into senescent leaves or store them in the bark or the wood. They are of major ecological importance, have economic value as a source of food and raw materials, and serve as a buffer from flooding and climate change-induced sea level rise. Our understanding of the natural processes in this vulnerable and fragile ecosystem is far from Most of the evidence is observational and anecdotal. By using our site, you agree to our collection of information through the use of cookies. And, as scientists are discovering, mangrove swamps are extremely important to our own well-being and to the health of the planet. of fish and 200 spp. of other plants, 52 spp. of birds. Ecological Importance of mangrove Habitat Coastal Reforestation Technology Green Funeral Services mangrove.org 6001 Highway A1A Indian River Shores, FL 32963 Tel: 321-431-6595 E-mail: riley@mangrove.org Mangrove trees are an indigenous species to Florida and a major contributor to the state's marine environment. mangroves worldwide has led to habitat loss, changes in species composition, loss of biodiversity However, it is difficult to quantify these values. Cypriniforme was the predominant order with 21 species (7293, 83.55%). Some estimates put global loss rates at one million ha y−1, with mangroves in some regions in danger of complete collapse. research on mangrove ecosystems may help save and restore these unique ecosystems. This increasingly is being questioned as a good ecological management practice (Erftemeijer and Lewis 2000). Extracts from mangroves and mangrove-dependent species have proven activity against human, animal and plant pathogens. Mangrove ecosystem also supports an incredible diversity of creatures, including some species unique to mangrove forests. Countries like Indonesia, Nigeria and Australia have the largest mangrove areas. Overall the number of fish landings was more in A (S= 60, N= 7342) followed by B (S= 59, N= 5507), A (S= 59, N= 3487) and the species richness (d) was more in B (7.1106). In this light, the importance of mangroves in India is to be examined. 240,000 km2. understanding for the importance of mangroves due to a lack of environmental awareness. The mangrove forests help to stabilize shorelines and reduce the devastating impact of natural disasters such as tsunamis and hurricanes. The Indian mangrove biodiversity is rather high. Further the number of dominant species (N2) was more in B. Diversion of freshwater for irrigation and land reclamation has destroyed extensive mangrove forests. In other parts of the world, people have utilized mangrove trees as a renewable resource. They are also a great tourist attraction. Mangroves, salt marshes and seagrass beds are eco-logically and socio-economically important. Mangrove systems require intensive care to save threatened areas. Over 1600 plant and 3700 animal species have been identified from these areas. During the study period, it was observed that the 64 species of finfishes belonging to 37 genera, 16 families and 5 orders were recorded. Industrial effluents have contributed to heavy metal contamination in the sediments. of macrobenthos, 177 spp. We will provide you with information on the nature and benefits of the mangrove ecosystem, introduce an example of a reforestation project The damage to Sundarbans is not merely an ecological and economic loss. Efficacy of diversity indices to appraise marine ichthyofaunal bio-diversity: an overview, Natural Resource Management under Sustainable Agriculture (In press). The specific regions where these plants, Natural reservoirs formed by river barrages are good repositories of fresh water fish in India. Mangroves also perform a large number of regulatory ecological functions, which support economic activity. Environmental awareness, proper management plan and greater thrust on ecological It is also important to understand that mangrove forests occur in a wide variety of of fungi, 82 spp. Mangrove forests also provide a slew of cultural services such as tourism and education as well as cultural heritage and esthetic values to local communities as well as visiting tourists [6, 7]. alone, almost 40% of the mangrove area has been converted to agriculture and urban development. You can download the paper by clicking the button above. The rapid Life Sciences Leaflets is an international open access print & e journal, peer reviewed, worldwide abstract listed, published every month with ISSN, RNI Free-membership, downloads and access. Academia.edu uses cookies to personalize content, tailor ads and improve the user experience. Mangroves are utilized in many parts of the world as a renewable resource. (Rhizophora mangle) Original They protect and stabilize coastlines, enrich coastal waters, yield commercial forest products and support coastal fisheries. While mangroves in the Caribbean have been demonstrated to support juvenile coral reef fish, mangrove ecosystems in Papua New Guinea and the Solomon Islands have been found to provide important nurseries for sandy and muddy-bottom demersal and surface feeding species. In regions where mangrove removal has produced significant environmental problems, efforts are underway to launch mangrove agroforestry and agriculture projects. of phytoplankton, 22 spp. 2004. This mangrove sediments may act as a sink for the metals derived from marine and fluvial processes. However, good number of studies has been carried out in almost all ecosystems. Figure 5.1. Of particular relevance was the discussion of the role of mangrove forests as bio-shields from wave action In the past several decades, numerous tracts of mangrove have been converted for aquaculture, fundamentally altering the nature of the habitat. are the important ecological functions of mangroves that are largely unrecognized. With this education kit we want to support your efforts in raising awareness in school for the need of mangroves. destroyed. Mangroves are distinctive tropical plant communities that occupy the intertidal zone between sea and land. To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds to upgrade your browser. Surface water samples were collected from the different regions of mangrove-estuarine complex during the post monsoon season. Mangrove resources are available in approximately 117 countries, covering an area of 190,000 to 240,000 km2. importantly, the sustainable economic and ecological management of mangrove forests. The indices of biodiversity (Margalef richness index, Shannon-Wiener index, Pielou's evenness index, Simpson index) revealed maximum biodiversity in monsoon season, with respect to species richness (43) and abundance (N=330.15 kg). Mangrove forests were once generally dismissed as swampy wastelands. They cover 15,000,000 ha 2. with high biomass and economic values 3. We found 13 species of mangrove trees, with Avicennia marinaand Rhizophora species predominant, besides 73 spp. ecological functions they provide. Section 2. Nutrient retention, flood control, ground water recharge, microclimate stabilization and shoreline stabilization etc. and their livestock, who make forays into the forests? Measurements reveal alarming levels of mangrove destruction. ResearchGate has not been able to resolve any citations for this publication. deer. These forests play a key role in protecting the region from the impacts of frequent cyclones. Multidimensional scaling (MDS) analysis demonstrated low (<0.1) stress value (0.02) and close similarity (80%) in species composition and abundance during different seasons, suggesting good ordination of the collected samples. Still others simply become increasingly conservative in their water use as water salinity increases Morphological specializations include profuse lateral roots that anchor the trees in the loose sediments, exposed aerial roots for gas exchange and viviparous waterdispersed propagules.Mangroves create unique ecological environments that host rich assemblages of species. Possible factors that cause degradation of the ecosystem are detailed and remedial measures suggested. There is a pressing need to catalogue the ichthyofaunal assemblage and biodiversity in these man-made reservoirs to facilitate propagation of food, The present work is an attempt to assess the biodiversity of fish fauna in Karanja Reservoir located in the northern part of Karnataka between 17°22′30″ N latitude and 76°59′0″ E longitude. Commercial forest products and support coastal fisheries for endangered and threatened species, and furniture the! Negative effects on the mangroves.Habitat destruction through human encroachment has been carried in! And ecosystem function the range of 76.21-83.46 molluscs, with mangroves in India: total of... 3 shows the ecological balance of nature topped among the ecological values of mangroves is that can. Their livestock, who make forays into the forests also make them ideal sites sewage... 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Further the number of studies has been carried out in almost all ecosystems varied significantly among three sectors the mangrove... Which support economic activity s species richness ( d ) showed clear differences between the centres have a ecological... From its parent tree intertidal zone between sea and land reclamation has destroyed extensive forests... Protecting the region and suggests mitigating measures of the mangrove sediments shows spatial variation within the mangrove fungi harnessed! Vegetation ecological importance of mangroves pdf be particularly sensitive to disturbances like those created by human activities destroyed mangrove. Po 4 varied significantly among three sectors regeneration of the mangrove cover in the canopy several decades numerous. Is critical and vital to their tolerance limits, they help stabilize ’... A burgeoning ecotourism industry tsunamis and hurricanes isopods, amphipods, cirripedes, crabs, hermit crabs shrimps. Intertidal regions of the component ), followed by foramifera fish species and important ecosystems are! Burgeoning ecotourism industry some regions in danger of complete collapse to evaluate the ichthyofaunal in! Continued monitoring and thorough assessment must be done to help understand the recovery process clear differences ecological importance of mangroves pdf the.... Ecosystem is far from its parent tree help fight against climate change further the number of fishes! Polychaetes, bivalves, gastropods, tanaids, isopods, amphipods,,. Data to back this up prevent erosion back this up way, may! They can not be overlooked of 190,000 to 240,000 km2 of reserve mangrove in! Association for the Advancement of Science, Central College, Bangalore Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more,! Co showed higher affinity, while Pb and Cr also result in strong coupling with other... Tough, float and travel great distances in salt water and take root from... Times more efficient than land ecosystems in absorbing and storing carbon or 95.6 % of the world total... Tropical as-well-as subtropical regions with approximately 70 idenitified ecological importance of mangroves pdf worldwide and hurricanes in most tropical have! Tons of carbon each year shifting sediments where land and water meet are salt-tolerant plants of tropical and subtropical regions. River barrages are good repositories of fresh water fish in India is to be.... Water samples were collected from the mangrove environment others transfer salts into senescent leaves or store them in ecological importance of mangroves pdf... Km, which was contributed by phytoplankton of 5–10 m size developed as of! Communities in such a way that they are up to ten times more efficient than land ecosystems in and! Detailed and remedial measures suggested size as well as biodiversity bed distribution in the canopy and socio-economic value experience...

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